Washington state’s gray wolf population continues to experience a complex evolution, with new data revealing an increase in the number of wolf packs even as the total number of individual wolves saw a slight decline. According to the 2024 Annual Gray Wolf Conservation and Management Report by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW), there are now 43 documented packs across the state, up from 42 last year. However, the total wolf count dropped from 254 in 2023 to 230 in 2024—representing a 9% decrease.
This nuanced development reflects both progress and persistent challenges in Washington’s ongoing efforts to restore and manage gray wolves in the wild. The growth in wolf packs was particularly notable in the North Cascades region, where conservationists say the number of breeding pairs and established territories continues to meet or exceed federal and state recovery benchmarks.
Despite the lower population count, three new wolf packs were confirmed last year, bringing new hope to conservationists working to reestablish stable, genetically diverse populations throughout the state. The Eastern Washington Recovery Zone remains the most densely populated, currently home to 31 wolf packs, while the North Cascades region houses 12.
However, the road to full recovery is being hampered by rising incidents of illegal killings. WDFW reported a total of 37 wolf mortalities in 2024, with poaching accounting for at least seven of those deaths. One of these cases may lead to criminal charges, highlighting the growing concern over human-induced threats to the species’ survival.
State officials are urging stronger enforcement and community engagement to deter unlawful killings. Under Washington law, the illegal poaching of wolves—still considered an endangered species in certain parts of the state—can carry penalties of up to $5,000 in fines and one year in jail.
Beyond poaching, conflicts between wolves and livestock continue to pose a significant challenge. In 2024, WDFW recorded 40 depredation incidents in which wolves were either confirmed or suspected of attacking cattle or other domestic animals. Nevertheless, only about 23% of the state’s wolf packs were implicated in these events, indicating that a majority—approximately 77%—were not involved in livestock conflicts.
Wildlife officials point to the use of non-lethal deterrents and proactive collaboration with livestock producers as contributing factors in limiting wolf-livestock interactions. These deterrent strategies remain a key part of WDFW’s integrated management plan, which emphasizes coexistence and long-term ecosystem health.
The annual report represents a collaborative effort between WDFW, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, tribal governments, and conservation groups—underscoring the importance of coordinated action in achieving Washington’s gray wolf recovery goals.
As the state navigates the complex balance between species recovery and human-wildlife conflict, officials reaffirm their commitment to science-based conservation practices. The increase in packs—despite population hurdles—serves as a reminder that progress is possible, but continued vigilance and community support are essential for sustainable success.
